Some people ask how the home water desalination process is done using devices Water purification? The filter in water desalination devices works to reduce salinity in the water, not eliminate it, because the percentage of salts in the water is a natural thing, but not exactly the same as salt water, but rather like normal fresh water. Therefore, let us know how to desalinate water? .
How is the water desalination process done?
The desalination process is carried out by isolating excess salts from water using one of the techniques for desalinating water, which has two methods: either through reverse osmosis or evaporation, but evaporation depends on factories and large facilities, while reverse osmosis (RO) can be used at home using devices Smartly desalination .
This term (desalination) is used to remove salts and minerals dissolved in water. Seawater can be desalinated so that it can be used in practical life such as agriculture, drinking, cooking and industry.
This applied science is now concerned with a large number of countries that suffer from water scarcity, and it is expected that the application of this science will expand significantly during the next ten years due to the expectation of water crises in many countries of the world, as is the case for some.
Salt water has caused the death of more than one hundred thousand people annually, according to statistics shown on the Wikipedia website about water desalination. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful when using the basic resources of life. This is the nature of water, but today technology has become advanced and able to help you overcome Some problems such as water purification and additional desalination in homes.
The water desalination process requires techniques that consume a lot of energy and money when talking about it in a large way, but for homes you can use water purification and desalination filters to get rid of water salinity, which causes harm to the body and health.
The current global trend varies between seawater desalination, rainwater treatment and reuse. We find that most desalination plants are located in the Arabian Gulf and Libya, while most treatment plants are located in different parts of the world, such as the United States of America, Singapore, and European countries.
However, large-scale desalination of water is considered insufficient for ultimate water purity. Using the best water purification devices helps ensure the safety of drinking water and food, as well as removing impurities, chemicals, and chlorine that carry many health risks.
Stages of the water desalination process before reaching homes
The desalination process takes place in three basic steps before the distribution and pumping process into the network, which are as follows:
- Primary water treatment
- Water desalination process
- Final water treatment
This is what simple home purifiers and sweeteners do.
Primary water treatment:
Where a large portion of the suspended matter in the water, such as bacteria, is removed and is performed either by traditional primary water treatment or by modern primary treatment. In this process, certain chemicals are added to facilitate treatment.
Salt removal process
All dissolved salts, viruses and other substances such as chemicals and organic substances transported and dissolved in water are removed and this is done using membranes or distillation.
Final water treatment process
When salts and other substances are added to make water suitable for human use, and only when the purpose of the process is to serve facilities intended for direct human consumption, such as human, domestic, or agricultural consumption Salts are not added if intended for uses in industry and pharmaceutical applications because they negatively affect the quality of the product .
Water desalination methods
The methods used for desalination currently revolve around two methods:
1- Reverse osmosis.
2- Distillation.
What is reverse osmosis?
In the desalination process, a semi-permeable membrane called RO reverse osmosis membrane is used, which allows fresh water to pass in the direction of low pressure and not pass salt and bacteria.
This requires increasing pressure on the side of the membrane filled with seawater, which is approximately 70 bar (70 atmospheres). This pressure is usually produced by electric pumps. Other membranes are also used for this process, such as electrophoresis. There are other types of research, such as forward osmosis, nanofiltration, and desalination membranes. Most current research focuses on finding better and more efficient membranes, so it is expected that Desalination will spread to many places over the next 20 years.
While home desalination devices also have filter additives to purify the water more precisely after desalination and not allow any harmful components to pass into the water tap.
Desalination by distillation
This process involves raising the temperature of salt water to a boiling point and forming water vapor, which then condenses into distilled water, so that the distilled water is free of salt. It is used by large desalination plants that distribute to homes, but there is Some additives that may be harmful. The goal of these additives is to help the water withstand and resist damage during movement to homes, and one of these additives is chlorine.
We will explain to you the types of desalination process through distillation so that you can learn about the processes that water goes through before reaching homes for some water stations.
This distilled water is tasteless and is then treated with additives to become drinking or perfusion water. This technology is often used when near-salt-free water treatment is required for industrial, chemical, biological, etc. applications.
The thermal energy used can come from natural gas, coal, or a nuclear reactor, and water evaporation occurs.
Types of sweetening by distillation:
There are four types of distillation used in the desalination process:
Ordinary distillation
The brine is boiled in a non-pressurized water tank. The water vapor rises to the top of the tank and exits through a path connected to a condenser, which condenses the water vapor, which turns into water droplets that are collected in a distilled water tank.
This method is used in desalination plants with low production capacity.
Multistage flash distillation
Based on the fact that the boiling point of liquids is directly proportional to the pressure applied to them, the lower the pressure on the liquid, the lower its boiling point. In this method, heated salt water passes through successive low-pressure chambers, turns the water into water vapor that condenses on cold surfaces, and is collected and treated in drinkable quantities.
This method is used in desalination plants with large production capacity (30,000 cubic meters, or about 8 million gallons of water per day).
Multi-stage (multi-effect) distillation:
Multiple effect stills use vapors rising from the first evaporator to condense in the second evaporator. As a result, the heat of condensation is used to boil the salt water in the second evaporator, and thus the second evaporator acts as a condenser for the vapors from the first evaporator, and these vapors in the second evaporator become as important as the heat of the steam in the first evaporator. Likewise, the third evaporator acts as a condenser for the second evaporator, and thus each evaporator in this series is called an effector.
Solar energy distillation
This method relies on using solar energy to heat salt water until it evaporates, then condenses on cold surfaces and collects it in pipes.
Home water desalination devices
Therefore, home water purification devices remove salinity accurately, without any variation, in passing an amount of salts that is not suitable for the body or may cause harm. And if they had caused any harm to the user, they would not have obtained international and local quality certificates that authorize their use and prove the safety of water desalination devices. household.
What is the percentage of salinity in the water after installing the water purification filter?
The device desalinates and purifies water from salts up to about 50-120 TDS so that it is pure and drinkable.